telephone channels (as in Recommendation G.223 [6])
} +3\fB.\ \fR +21
.T&
lw(120p) | cw(30p) | lw(78p) .
{
\ \ 4
programme channels in 2 groups + 36 telephone
channels:
}
.T&
lw(120p) | cw(30p) | lw(78p) .
{
\ \ 4
different programmes
\ \ 2
different stereophonic programmes
\ \ 2
equal stereophonic programmes
} +3.5 +3.5 +3.5 {
+14
+18\ \ programme channels only
+22
}
.T&
lw(120p) | cw(30p) | lw(78p) .
\ 10 programme channels
.T&
lw(120p) | cw(30p) | lw(78p) .
{
\ 10
different programmes
\ \ 5
different stereophonic programmes
\ \ 2
equal stereophonic programmes + 6 different monophonic
programmes
} {
+4\fB.5\fR
+4\fB.5\fR
+4\fB.5\fR
} {
+15
+19
+22
n
m
}
.TE
.LP
Long\(hyterm mean power level [7].
.LP
n
p
Equivalent peak power level [8] (= level of equivalent sine\(hywave
whose amplitude is exceeded by the peak voltage of the multiplex signal only
with a bilateral probability of 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d).
.LP
\ua\d\u)\d
Loading by one stereophonic programme is treated as loading by two identical monophonic programmes (worst case).
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/J.31 [T2.31], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Group links for programme transmission have to meet special
requirements concerning carrier leaks and other interfering frequencies
so that programme transmission conforms to the standard as defined in
Recommendation\ J.21.
.PP
The basic requirement is that interfering frequencies appearing in the
programme bands have to be suppressed to (\(em73\ \(em\ ?63ps)\ dBm0s on
the programme
circuit
.FS
This value has been specified in Recommendation\ J.21 by CMTT.
CCIR Report\ 493\ [10] gives some additional information regarding the
subjective impairments produced by interfering frequencies on a circuit
using equipment conforming to Recommendation\ J.31.
.FE
. For frequencies
corresponding to audio frequencies above\ 8\ kHz, additional suppression is
possible by special spike filters in the terminal equipment of the programme
circuit.
.PP
Group links to be used for programme transmission according to
Recommendation\ J.21 and using programme terminal equipment according to
Recommendation\ J.31, have to meet, therefore, the following
requirements:
.RT
.LP
a)
Carrier leaks
.FS
Having the frequency precision of
carriers.
.FE
at\ 68, 72, 96 and 100\ kHz and any single\(hytone
interference signal falling outside the band of frequencies used
for sound\(hyprogramme transmission including the pilots (see
Figure\ 2/J.31) should not be higher than \(em40\ dBm0. This allows
the necessary suppression to (\(em73\ \(em\ ?63ps)\ dBm0s taking account of
the amount of the narrow\(hyband crystal stop\(hyfilter
attenuation.
.bp
.LP
b)
Carrier leaks at\ 76, 80, 88 and 92\ kHz and any other
single\(hytone interference signal falling within the band of
frequencies used for sound\(hyprogramme transmission including
the pilots (see Figure\ 2/J.31), should not be higher than:
.LP
\(em
for frequencies between 73\ kHz and 95\ kHz: \(em68\ dBm0,
.LP
\(em
for frequencies at 67\ kHz and 101\ kHz: \(em48\ dBm0.
.LP
In the bands\ 67 to 73\ kHz and\ 95 to 101\ kHz the requirement is given
by straight lines (linear frequency and dB\ scales) interconnecting the
requirements given above
.FS
These values are still under study. It has been
assumed that the compandor gives a subjective improvement of at least 12\ dB.
CMTT is asked to confirm that this assumption is valid.
.FE
.
.PP
It is necessary to consider whether additional requirements for
the characteristics of group links for 15\ kHz\ sound\(hyprogramme transmission
are needed beyond those covered in Recommendation\ M.460\ [9] (for example,
group
delay distortion in the case of stereophonic transmission bearing in mind
the possibility of changeover to stand\(hyby paths).
.PP
The above requirements are illustrated in Figure\ 7/J.31.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Figure\ 8/J.31 gives the permissible level of single\(hytone
interference for the systems described in Annexes\ A,\ B and\ C, such that the
basic requirement of (\(em73\ \(em\ ?63ps)\ dBm0s mentioned above is met.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 30P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 7/J.31, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 21P
.ad r
\fBFigure 8/J.31, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation\ J.31)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBSingle sideband system\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(Contribution of the N.V. Philips Telecommunicatie Industrie)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
This Annex concerns a
single\(hysideband sound\(hyprogramme
transmission equipment
incorporating pre\(hy and de\(hyemphasis combined with a compandor characterized
by a separate FM control channel.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The equipment operates on group links of carrier telephone
systems.
.PP
Both peak and average loads to the group are compatible with those of the
replaced telephone channels.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.1
\fIFrequency allocation in the group\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T3.31]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ A\(hy1/J.31
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
{
Modulated programme frequencies
} Compandor control channel Synchronizing pilot
_
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) , l | c | c | ^ .
Channel A (inverted) {
65\fB,\ \ \fR
. | | \ 79.96 kHz
} 81.39 . | | 83.18 kHz 84 kHz
Channel B (erect) {
88.04\fR
. | | 103\fB.96\fR
kHz
} 84.82 . | | 86.61 kHz
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau A\(hy1/J.31 [T3.31], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.PP
Channels\ A and\ B (see Table A\(hy1/J.31) can be used for independent
monophonic sound\(hyprogramme circuits or combined into a stereophonic
pair.
Either channel\ A or\ B can be deleted and substituted by the corresponding
telephone channels.
.PP
Group pilots at\ 84.08, 84.14 and 104.08\ kHz and telephone channels\ 1
and\ 12 are compatible with this frequency allocation.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.2
\fIPre\(hyemphasis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Pre\(hyemphasis takes place before compression by means of a network according
to Recommendation\ J.17. The insertion loss at 800\ Hz is 6.5\ dB.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
A.3
\fICompandor\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.3.1
\fISteady\(hystate characteristics\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The compandor has a separate frequency\(hymodulated control channel
containing the information on the degree of compression, as indicated in
Table\ A.2/J.31.
.PP
For the lowest programme levels, the total improvement in
signal\(hyto\(hynoise ratio will be 19.8\ dB (when weighting by means of
a psophometer according to the Recommendation cited in\ [11]).
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T4.31]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ A\(hy2/J.31
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) sw(54p) , ^ | ^ | c | c.
{
Compressor input level
(dBm0) | ua\d\u)\d
} Compressor gain (dB) {
Control channel frequency (kHz)
}
Channel A Channel B
_
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em\(if \ 17\fB.\ \fR 81.39 86.61
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em40 \ 17\fB.\ \fR 81.39 86.61
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em35 \ 16.9 81.40 86.60
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em30 \ 16.7 81.41 86.59
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em25 \ 15.9 81.43 86.57
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em20 \ 13.5 81.52 86.48
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em15 \ \ 9.5 81.70 86.30
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em10 \ \ 4.8 81.94 86.06
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\(em\ 5 \ \ 0\fB.\ \fR 82.24 85.76
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
\ \ 0 \(em\ 4.9 82.56 85.44
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
+\ 5 \(em\ 9.6 82.90 85.10
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
+10 \(em11.8 83.18 84.82
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) .
+15 \(em11.8 83.18 84.82
.TE
.LP
\ua\d\u)\d
The relative level at the compressor input to be considered is
6.5\ dB higher than that corresponding to an 800\ Hz audio\(hyfrequency test\(hytone. With pre\(hyemphasis and compressor, an audio input level of e.g. +6.5\ dBm0s at
800\ Hz will thus give rise to a compressor input level of 0\ dBm0 and hence to a group level of \(em4,9\ dBm0(\fIt\fR
).
.LP
The level in the control channel is \(em17 dBm0(\fIt\fR
).
.LP
The expander gain tracks that of the compressor with a tolerance of \(+- | ,5 dB.
.LP
dBm0(\fIt\fR
) denotes that the level quoted is referred to a 0 relative level point in a telephone channel.
.LP
dBm0s denotes that the level quoted is referred to the sound\(hyprogramme
circuit.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau A\(hy2/J.31 [T4.31], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.3.2
\fITransient behaviour of the compressor\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Considering a 12\ dB level step at the compressor input from
\(em17\ dBm0 to \(em5\ dBm0 (point of unaffected level), the compressor
attack time
is defined as the time interval needed for the compressor output voltage to
reach the arithmetical mean between initial and final values.
.bp
.PP
Taking the sudden level variation in the opposite direction yields the
definition of the compressor recovery time.
.PP
The nominal values of attack and recovery time are respectively\ 2.4
and 4\ ms.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.3.3
\fITransient behaviour of the expander\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
With compressor and expander interconnected and when applying at
the compressor input sudden level variations from \(em17\ dBm0 to \(em5\
dBm0 and vice versa, the expander output voltage should not deviate by
more than\ 10% from the steady\(hystate values.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.4
\fISynchronizing pilot\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A synchronizing pilot at 84\ kHz with a level of \(em20\ dBm0(\fIt\fR )
is used in order to reduce frequency and phase errors due to the group
link.
.PP
Frequency offset is reduced by a factor of\ 21.
.PP
At the transmitting and receiving terminals, the modulating and
demodulating carriers should be phase\(hycoherent with the synchronizing
pilot in such a way that a frequency offset of 2\ Hz does not give rise
to a phase
difference between the two channels of the stereophonic pair
exceeding\ 1\(de.
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ B
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to\ Recommendation\ J.31)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBDouble\(hysideband system\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(Contribution of L.M. Ericsson, ITT and Telettra)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
B.1
\fIFrequency allocation\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Double\(hysideband modulation of a carrier frequency of 84.080\ kHz.
The sidebands are located in the band\ 69.080\(hy99.080\ kHz. The carrier
is reduced in level, so that it can be used in the normal way for a group
pilot.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
B.2
\fIPre\(hyemphasis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The pre\(hyemphasis curve given in Recommendation\ J.17 should be
used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
B.3
\fICompandors\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Compandors are not an integral part of these systems.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
B.4
\fILevels of programme signal in carrier system\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The levels are such that a sine wave of 800\ Hz applied at the audio input
with a level of 0\ dBm0s will appear at the group output, having been
through a pre\(hyemphasis network, as two sideband frequencies each with
a level of +2\ dB compared to the relative level of the telephone channels,
that is
+2\ dBm0(\fIt\fR ). This level should be adjustable over a range of
about\ \(+- | \ dB.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
B.5
\fIGroup regulation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Normal group regulation is available using 84.080\ kHz. This
frequency had the normal level and tolerances for a pilot as given in the
Recommendation cited in\ [12].
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
B.6
\fICarrier regeneration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Different versions of this system rely respectively on the correct phase
of the group pilot or on the use of an auxiliary pilot above the
programme band (16.66\ kHz or 16.8\ kHz, for example, has been proposed for
national systems); a frequency of 16.8\ kHz should be reconsidered for
international use; the sending terminal should, where necessary, be adapted
to meet the needs of the receiving terminal in either respect. The level
of any
auxiliary pilot should not exceed \(em20\ dBm0(\fIt\fR ), i.e. referred to the
telephone channel level in the group.
.bp
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ C
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to\ Recommendation\ J.31)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBTransmitting of six sound\(hyprogramme circuits\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBon a supergroup link\fR
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(Contribution of Societ\*`a Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens SpA)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
A system for setting up on group links one monophonic
programme circuit or two circuits combined into a stereophonic programme, is
described in Contribution COM\ XV\(hyNo.\ 151 (Study Period\ 1973\(hy1976)
and is
widely used in Italy.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A new type of equipment for the transmission of six programme
channels allocated in the band of a basic supergroup has been developed and
successfully adopted experimentally.
.PP
The essential characteristic of this system is the utilization of a
single sideband, modulated in amplitude, with a suppressed carrier of 86\ kHz
and a synchronous demodulation using a\ 16.8\(hykHz pilot in order to have no
errors in the transmitted frequencies and no errors in the phase relation
between the signals\ A and\ B for stereophonic programmes.
.PP
The carrier of 86\ kHz is suitable for allocating the programme signal
to that sideband which is unaffected by telephone carrier leaks and for
avoiding intelligible crosstalk between telephone and programme channels.
.PP
The single\(hysideband modulation employs the phase\(hyshift technique.
By means of this the programme channel is allocated either to the lower
sideband between\ 71 and\ 86\ kHz or to the upper sideband between\ 86
and\ 101\ kHz.
.PP
In a second modulation procedure the six sound\(hyprogrammes are
allocated to the band of the basic supergroup 312\(hy552\ kHz with the